When members of the National Guard and Reserve are called up for duty, they leave their civilian jobs behind. Since September 11, 2001, over 420,000 people in companies across the U.S. have done that. What happens to the jobs they left behind? Thanks to the Uniformed Services Employment and Reemployment Rights Act of 1994 (USERRA), there's still a job for them when they return to civilian life.

USERRA requires an employer to reinstate a returning service member to the job, salary and benefits he or she had when they left, plus any promotions, raises or other benefits they would have received with reasonable certainty, if they had not left, explains Robert Lamb. He is an employment lawyer at Robert A. Klingler Company and a retired Lieutenant Colonel in the U.S. Army Reserves.

Still, some returning workers are concerned. A major in the U.S. Army Reserves coming back from Afghanistan after two years wrote to ask how to get what he's entitled to without alienating his employer.

"I am concerned my employer may try to force me to settle for less than I feel I am entitled to receive under the law," he writes.

You have 90 days after completing your military service to apply for re-employment with your employer, says Lamb. "Do it in writing and provide military documentation of the dates and completion of your service under honorable conditions. The employer must then promptly reinstate him."

An employer does not have to place someone returning from a lengthy absence-over 90 days--in the exact job they left. They can find another position that is "of like seniority, status and pay."

The law "attempts to balance the continuing business needs of the employer with the rights of the employee to return without suffering financially," explains Paul Calico of the law firm, Strauss & Troy.

But what if you made more money in the military? The returning Major says his "level of responsibility and total compensation are a great deal higher than I enjoyed from my civilian employer. I would like to use this experience as justification for increases in seniority and compensation. Do I show my civilian employer a military pay statement and insist they match it? I'm worried about giving the impression that I just assume they owe it to me. How do I make that case?"

You don't. This is no different than going from one civilian job to another. You get paid more for your increased value. Unless you acquired some new skill the employer needs, what you did on duty, and the pay and benefits you received won't matter to your employer, he adds.

"There is nothing more that he can 'demand' and making any demand will simply alienate his employer," says Lamb.

It is smart to be sensitive to your company's situation. Here are tips to make the transition as smooth as possible for everyone:

• Contact your employer as soon as possible to discuss your return. You don't have to wait until you're released, says Lamb.
  
  "Some employers have been caught by surprise when a former employee who left for military service just shows up, reporting for work," adds Calico.
  
  
• Work with your employer to identify the position that best satisfies the law's requirements.
  
  Contact your supervisor to arrange an informal meeting. Stress your interest in the job and the company. This signals the company it's gaining an experienced and dedicated employee rather than someone who simply knows he is entitled to be kept on for a year, says Calico.
  
  
• Be patient as the employer prepares to "promptly" reinstate you. Since the employer may have to move or remove current employees, it can take time, says Lamb.
  
• If someone loses a position because of your return, there will naturally be friction, so discuss this openly with your employer, suggests Lamb.

Both Lamb and Calico point out that most employers honor this law and feel any inconvenience is small compared to the sacrifice their employees were prepared to make.

© by Andrea Kay